Innovation model of the company Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation model of the company Spring - Essay Example The new app of mobile shopping i.e. Spring was launched by David Tisch, Alan Tisch, Ara Katz and Octavian Costache. Through this app, one can browse style outfits along with purchase their liked things by just swiping finger across the device’s screen. In order to analyse one of the innovation models relating to the app i.e. Spring, various significant aspects including paradigm, process, position and product or service have been taken into concern for discussion (Tidd & et. al., 2005). Innovation has several forms that tend to make appropriate directions of change. Innovation business model could either create a new market or allow exploitation of new opportunities in existing markets (Pivotal Software, 2015). With this concern, an attempt has been made towards applying â€Å"The 4Ps of Innovation Space† as one of the innovation models in the business processed conduct by Spring, which is elaborately discussed hereunder. Product or Service Innovation: It is quite monotonous to download various apps for any single reason. In this context, Spring mobile app would help to get various styling goods just a single swiping of finger on device’s screen. It has its own unique system software management with the inclusion of varied resolver services. These services include mobile as well as tablets’ server side detection, site performance management which allows users to prefer their ‘mobile’ or ‘tablet’ or ‘normal’ experience and site switchers that help users to switch into most appropriate sites (Raphael & Christoph, 2012). Process Innovation: In certain situations, people could identify their respective needs and thus they just hangout in shops. Spring app just recreates shopping experience with the app named Spring Street, which tends to encourage the users to share products and make them to possess a clear aspiration of e-commerce (Kessler, 2014). Position Innovation: Position or promotion innovation could be

History of Education and Field Study Essay Example for Free

History of Education and Field Study Essay We all know that each of the teachers has their own methods and strategies in delivering their lesson. I observed the class of Teacher Teejie Taruc. She is a MAPEH major teaching at Camba National High School. She uses a combination of methods in her class includes the Socratic Method, inductive method, class discussion, lecturing and recitation. She has her own techniques on how she presents her lesson. Teacher Teejie has a great sense of humour thats why she can easily get the attention of her students. By  using those methods, she can manage her students and also the learning process. Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process 7 Analysis Explain the methods that the teacher used. Methods| Advantages| Disadvantages| 1. Socratic Method – it is the question and answer part in the lesson presentation. | * Learners can share their own ideas. * Teacher and the learners may absorb knowledge by listening to other ideas. | * Some of the learners may not cooperate. | 2. Inductive Method – a method which presenting the lesson by specific to more general. | * Learners may familiarize the topic * Easily cope up with the topic. * They can improve their critical thinking skills. | * Learning is difficult to gauge. * Some may hardly understand the topic. | 3. Lecture Method – is a teaching procedure for explaining and clarifying a major idea. It makes use of may be a narration or a description. | * Presents factual material in direct, logical manner. * It contains experience which inspires. * Stimulates thinking to open discussion. * Useful for large groups of learner. * It serve as a guide through a great mass of information characteristics of subject areas. | * Some of the learners may not participate. * Time will limit the discussion. * Learning is difficult to gauge. | 4. Class Discussion – a method on presenting a lesson where there is a question involve that may answer by the learners. | * Pools ideas and experiences from other learners. * Effective after a presentation, film or experience that needs to be analyzed. * Allows everyone to participate in an active process. | * Few learners can dominate. * Others may not participate. * It is time consuming. * Can get off the track. | 5. Recitation – an act of enumerating and answering the question of the teacher. | * Learners can boost their confidence by doing recitation. * Both teacher and learners may absorb knowledge from each other. | * Some students may not participate. * Some wont get a fair answering. | Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process8 Reflection What methods am I going to use? As a would-be educator, I already have ideas of what method am I going use in the near future. I encountered a lot of teachers and I can say that they have their own techniques, strategies and methods in teaching. Each of them is different from anyone and I can say that they are all good teachers. I always taught to myself that someday I am going to be like them and much better than them. In order to have a good learning process in the class, I must have a harmonious relationship with my learners. It is very important for me as a teacher to have a harmonious relationship with my learners so that I can easily impart knowledge to them. I am planning to use a combination of methods includes class discussion, brain storming, lecturing, Socratic, inductive, deductive, recitation, power point and video clip presentation and worksheets. These methods are only guide for us. The effectiveness of these methods is always depending on us, on how we apply it and on how we deliver it. Some of the methods I’m planning to use are generally used by most teachers thats why I included video clip and power point presentation in order to follow on the new trends of teaching. We all know that these things are very popular today. Power point presentation is software of Microsoft where we can write up the lessons that we want to teach on our students. Video clip presentation is an entertaining way of teaching content and raising issues that keep groups attention. When we use these two new trends of teaching, learning process may be more successful than the traditional one. Its so hard to get the attention of the students. We must be a good motivator for us to motivate them. Being a teacher is not easy like they always said but I do believe that it depends on you. As long as you know that you can do it, it will be easy. Just love your profession and the profession will also loves you. Make your passion your profession! Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process9 Documentation†¦ FieField Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process10 Differences Among Approach, Methods, Strategies, and Techniques Many people are having difficulties on distinguishing the differences between approach, methods, strategies, and techniques thats why in this activity; I am going to define the differences between those words. Approach| Method or Strategy| Technique|. * An enlighten viewpoint of teaching. * Provides sounds philosophy and orientation to the whole process of teaching in which the selection of an instructional method is part and parcel of. | * It refers to an organized, orderly, systematic, well-planned procedure. * It consist of steps which are logically arranged aimed at achieving the specific aims of instruction at enhancing greater teaching and maximizing learning output. * Method directs and guides the teacher in all class activities and involves as well, the organization of materials to get things done. * Strategy in the beginning is a monopoly of other disciplines like military, science, politics, economics, and even psychology. | * It is implementational and that which actually takes place in a classroom. * It is a particular trick, or contrivance, used to accomplish an immediate objective. * It is consistent with a method and approach as well. * It depends on the teacher, his individual artistry, and on the composition of the class. * It is defined as a procedural variation of a given method. | Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process6.

Ecology :: essays research papers

In the original Greek "oikos" means, "house". So ecology is "the study of the house" the place where you live, or the environment which technically includes all those factors, both nonliving and living, that affect an organism. Ecology then is the study of the interactions of organisms in their environment includes both the living (biotic) and physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. It's also the science, which formulates and tests hypotheses about environment. Ecology is the relationships, identification and analysis of problems common to all areas. Ecology studies the population and the community, evaluates cause and effects of the responses of populations and communities to environmental change. POPULATIONS The population is defined as an assemblage of individuals of a single species that live in the same place at the same time. Also, biologists add an additional condition: the individuals in a population must interact with each other to the point of being able to interbreed. Population is important to understanding many important ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Ecologists can use information from population ecology to predict the success of a given species or assemblage of species. One attribute of populations that is observed in nature is their dispersion, or the way in which individuals are distributed in a given area. Typically, biologists refer to three types of dispersion: - Clustered (aggregated), Regular (evenly spaced), Random (irregularly spaced) Populations showing a clustered pattern are common in nature and are found among many different types of organisms. Clustered dispersion patterns are often due to environment heterogeneity. Regular dispersion patterns are relatively rare in nature and occur when a resource is scarce. A good example of regular spacing occurs in animals that exhibit territoriality, a phenomenon in which animals establish an area for themselves and fight off all other individual seeking to invade that area. Regular dispersion patterns can also be observed in plants. Random patterns can be found in a variety of organisms (trout in lake or maple trees in a forest). Regardless of which organisms, the number of births almost always has the potential to be greater than the number of deaths. In other words populations of all species have the capacity to grow. That property is crucial importance to the success of all species. However, all species will not increase under all circumstance, but instead they can, given appropriate conditions. There are two models of population growth: the exponential model and the logistic model. One of the most basic models of population biology is the exponential growth equation, which is: )N/)t = rmaxN This equation states that, in a growing population, the rate of change in population size is determined by the maximal intrinsic rate of increase (rmax) multiplied by the number of individuals in that population (N). Ecology :: essays research papers In the original Greek "oikos" means, "house". So ecology is "the study of the house" the place where you live, or the environment which technically includes all those factors, both nonliving and living, that affect an organism. Ecology then is the study of the interactions of organisms in their environment includes both the living (biotic) and physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. It's also the science, which formulates and tests hypotheses about environment. Ecology is the relationships, identification and analysis of problems common to all areas. Ecology studies the population and the community, evaluates cause and effects of the responses of populations and communities to environmental change. POPULATIONS The population is defined as an assemblage of individuals of a single species that live in the same place at the same time. Also, biologists add an additional condition: the individuals in a population must interact with each other to the point of being able to interbreed. Population is important to understanding many important ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Ecologists can use information from population ecology to predict the success of a given species or assemblage of species. One attribute of populations that is observed in nature is their dispersion, or the way in which individuals are distributed in a given area. Typically, biologists refer to three types of dispersion: - Clustered (aggregated), Regular (evenly spaced), Random (irregularly spaced) Populations showing a clustered pattern are common in nature and are found among many different types of organisms. Clustered dispersion patterns are often due to environment heterogeneity. Regular dispersion patterns are relatively rare in nature and occur when a resource is scarce. A good example of regular spacing occurs in animals that exhibit territoriality, a phenomenon in which animals establish an area for themselves and fight off all other individual seeking to invade that area. Regular dispersion patterns can also be observed in plants. Random patterns can be found in a variety of organisms (trout in lake or maple trees in a forest). Regardless of which organisms, the number of births almost always has the potential to be greater than the number of deaths. In other words populations of all species have the capacity to grow. That property is crucial importance to the success of all species. However, all species will not increase under all circumstance, but instead they can, given appropriate conditions. There are two models of population growth: the exponential model and the logistic model. One of the most basic models of population biology is the exponential growth equation, which is: )N/)t = rmaxN This equation states that, in a growing population, the rate of change in population size is determined by the maximal intrinsic rate of increase (rmax) multiplied by the number of individuals in that population (N).

Sears Roebuck and Company

Sears, Roebuck & Company was once one of the largest retailers in the country. Their mission statement and cultural beliefs were something that they stood by firmly and gave their customers 100% customer satisfaction. Over the years, Sears have deviated from their original statements of what they promised their customers and employees. Because of this deviation their company perception and cultural views have completely changed.Sears, Roebuck & Company Sears & Roebuck, and Company was founded in 1893 as a mail-order catalog that based their entire business on the needs of rural American farmers. They were at the demands of their customers solely. They even compensated their customers for referring their neighbors. Their mission was â€Å"We sell everything by mail-order only. Your money will be promptly returned for any goods not perfectly satisfactory and we will pay freight or express charges both ways.† (www.searsholding.com) Then other retailers had a difficult time trying to reach the customer satisfactory that Sears were offering their clientele.Then in the 1930s, Sears began to shift more toward the urban American population. Sears, Roebuck & Company is still the same mail-order along with a few stores but the same expectations. The customer could shop from home, and the merchandise would be shipped to his or her door front. After the Great Depression, Sears experienced an enormous tumble that led them to terminate the catalog. This started the spiral downfall for their customer satisfaction.Nowadays, Sears & Roebuck Department Store mission statement is â€Å"We are committed to improving the lives of our customers by providing quality services, products and solutions that earn their trust and build lifetime relationships. To serve, delight, and engage our members while they shopn  their way! The stores cultural beliefs are:†¢Members First – I deliver a â€Å"wow† experience to each member by understanding their specific nee ds and offering them the right products and services. †¢Own It – I take accountability to close the gaps as I See It, Own It, Solve It, and Do It. †¢Embrace Feedback – I am open, honest, and respectful in my communications, and constantly seek, accept, and offer feedback. †¢Show Pride – I am an engaged member. I demonstrate passion and pride by leading by example. †¢Learn and innovate – I learn new ways to serve members and do my job better by embracing innovation and technology. †¢Earn Trust – I work hard to earn the trust of every member I serve and every co-worker I interact with. †¢Be Authentic – I am genuine in all my interactions, ask questions to understand and align my words and action to achieve the key results.† (www.searsholding.com)Espoused Vs. Enacted ValuesSince the early 1990s when Sears began to fall apart, their mission statement, and beliefs have been deviated from. They pay their employe es the lowest salaries of all retailers that cause their associates to keep from enjoying their employment. Possessing employees who do not feel appreciated causes them not to do everything they have promised their customers in their missions and beliefs.The misalignment between the espoused values and the enacted values of a store affects the perception because what the customer and employees have read and heard what he should be receiving from the store is not what he is getting. This makes the store seem to be unorganized and not professional. Organizations CultureSears culture seems to be very informal. Based upon what their cultural beliefs and mission statement (espoused values) is stated to be and what their behavior and customer relations (enacted values) are based on employee and customer feedback, it concludes that the culture is informal. CommunicationCommunication is determined by the culture of organization. Sears culture is informal so therefore the communication of th e organization would also be  informal. The communication of Sears follows the grapevine. It is â€Å"he says she says.† After completing research on the company and interviewing several employees, both former, and present, the chain of communication in the store is never given in the form of chain of command. If one associate hears any form of information, it is spread throughout the store by associate’s not upper management.PerceptionCommunication plays a large role in the perception of the company and in its organizational culture. If there is no formal and direct means of communication, the employees, and customers will never know exactly what needs to be done and how the store is run. This leads to the customers losing trust in the salesman who makes it more difficult to make a purchase with him or her. This leads into a train reaction. From the lack of sales because of the lack of trust, leads into a lack of good morale in the store, causing the associates to b ecome even more informal and not care less about their job and the entire culture and perception of the store consistently tumbles downward.ConflictGroup communication will always have some form of conflict involved in it. Whether the group communication is formal or informal, conflict will always be there. Whether the conflict is handled appropriately or not is the major problem. Organizations that practice informal communication will have a more difficult time working through the conflict and find a solution.Because Sears has an informal means of communication, handling conflict seems not to be one of their strong points. The more conflict in the store will only make the stores functionalities even more difficult and less functional. Conflict in Sears without better leadership will be a horrible situation.ConclusionSears, Roebuck & Company once one of the most customers satisfied retailers. Nowadays that is no longer the situation. Although their previous and current mission state ments are very similar in wording, they have deviated from the meaning so far. Because of this their cultural view and perception  has changed tremendously in the eyes of their customers. When a company moves away from the goals, they have set to accommodate and satisfy both their employees and customers, it is not successful for the company. The major obstacle for any company is to maintain truth to their values and beliefs published for their customers and if this one obstacle is achieved there is longevity of success ahead of them.

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things Overall in science there are 8 characteristics that can be used to determine whether something is living or non-living. Living things are made of cells, have levels of organization, grow & develop, maintain homeostasis, process by metabolism, respond to stimuli, reproduce & evolve over time. Yes those are the eight characteristics of a living thing. The first characteristic is that all living things are made of one or more cells. For instance living things are all multi-cellular, WE HUMANS, are multi-cellular. On the other hand though bacteria are unicellular but it’s also living.Multi-cellular organisms are made of many cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. The second characteristic is all living things display organization. Different parts of a cell are organized to do different jobs. Different parts of a body are organized to do different jobs also. The levels of organization in biological systems begin with atoms and molecules an d increase in complexity. The next characteristic is all living things grow & develop. We humans are born as babies & grow into adults. Our body grows and changes, so do plants! They grow from root, to stem into big plants.The cells get bigger and organisms develop, become more complex and gain new characteristics over their life span. The fourth characteristic is all living things respond to stimuli, they react to environmental changes. The reaction to a stimulus is a response. Organisms can sense stimuli in their environment and react appropriately. If an organism is unable to respond to harm it might not live long enough to reproduce. For example when you go to the doctor and they tap you on your knee, they are trying to test your reflexes. The fifth characteristic is that all living things reproduce.Humans have kids and babies, then they reproduce and it goes on again forever! Animals mate and have their children too. Reproduction is important because it makes your species go on . All living organisms have ways to reproduce weather asexually or sexually to produce an offspring. The sixth characteristic is that all living things take in ENERGY! We do that by eating, when you’re hungry in class and all you think about it food it’s because you’re hungry & you NEED to eat. Plants produce their food by using sunlight and photosynthesis. All living things break down food to make energy for themselves.Because good gives you protein & the good stuff you need for your body! Energy is required for ALL life processes. Almost done! The seventh one is that all living things maintain homeostasis. Now you’re probably thinking what’s that? Homeostasis is all the things organisms do to regulate their internal conditions and stay alive. For example you perspire (sweat) to cool off. Perspiring and eating are examples of maintain homeostasis. If an organism doesn’t maintain homeostasis they die. Like amoebas maintain homeostasis by mov ing towards food and away from danger.Finally, the last one is living things can adapt to the ever changing environmental conditions, in other words they can EVOLVE. Which simply mean we & other living things can change, weather it’s over a 100 years or a 1,000. Populations of species of organisms change over time over many generations. At time goes on they adapt more and more to the environment. Conclusion time, I listed all the eight characteristics. And they are all important when classifying if something is living or not. But yet we humans do all those things & plants and animals. We are all living and we need to maintain homeostasis!

Valence Bond (VB) Theory Definition

Valence Bond (VB) Theory Definition Valence bond (VB) theory is a chemical bonding theory that explains the chemical bonding between two atoms. Like molecular orbital (MO) theory, it explains bonding using principles of quantum mechanics. According to valence bond theory, bonding is caused by the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals. The two atoms share each others unpaired electron to form a filled orbital to form a hybrid orbital and bond together. Sigma and pi bonds are part of valence bond theory. Key Takeaways: Valence Bond (VB) Theory Valence bond theory or VB theory is a theory based on quantum mechanics that explains how chemical bonding works.In valence bond theory, the atomic orbitals of individual atoms are combined to form chemical bonds.The other major theory of chemical bonding is molecular orbital theory or MO theory. Valence bond theory is used to explain how covalent chemical bonds form between several molecules. Theory Valence bond theory predicts covalent bond formation between atoms when they have half-filled valence atomic orbitals, each containing a single unpaired electron. These atomic orbitals overlap, so electrons have the highest probability of being within the bond region. Both atoms then share the single unpaired electrons to form weakly coupled orbitals. The two atomic orbitals do not need to be the same as each other. For example, sigma and pi bonds may overlap. Sigma bonds form when the two shared electrons have orbitals that overlap head-to-head. In contrast, pi bonds form when the orbitals overlap but are parallel to each other. This diagram depicts a sigma bond between two atoms. The red area represents localized electron density. ZooFari  /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license Sigma bonds form between electrons of two s-orbitals because the orbital shape is spherical. Single bonds contain one sigma bond. Double bonds contain a sigma bond and a pi bond. Triple bonds contain a sigma bond and two pi bonds. When chemical bonds form between atoms, the atomic orbitals may be hybrids of sigma and pi bonds. The theory helps explain bond formation in cases where a Lewis structure cant describe real behavior. In this case, several valence bond structures may be used to describe a single Lewis stricture. History Valence bond theory draws from Lewis structures. G.N. Lewis proposed these structures in 1916, based on the idea that two shared bonding electrons formed chemical bonds. Quantum mechanics was applied to describe bonding properties in the Heitler-London theory of 1927. This theory described chemical bond formation between hydrogen atoms in the H2 molecule using Schrà ¶dingers wave equation to merge the wavefunctions of the two hydrogen atoms. In 1928, Linus Pauling combined Lewiss pair bonding idea with the Heitler-London theory to propose valence bond theory. Valence bond theory was developed to describe resonance and orbital hybridization. In 1931, Pauling published a paper on valence bond theory entitled, On the Nature of the Chemical Bond. The first computer programs used to describe chemical bonding used molecular orbital theory, but since the 1980s, principles of valence bond theory have become programmable. Today, the modern versions of these theories are competitive with each other in terms of accurately describing real behavior. Uses Valence bond theory can often explain how covalent bonds form. The diatomic fluorine molecule, F2, is an example. Fluorine atoms form single covalent bonds with each other. The F-F bond results from overlapping pz orbitals, which each contain a single unpaired electron. A similar situation occurs in hydrogen, H2, but the bond lengths and strength are different between H2 and F2 molecules. A covalent bond forms between hydrogen and fluorine in hydrofluoric acid, HF. This bond forms from the overlap of the hydrogen 1s orbital and the fluorine 2pz orbital, which each have an unpaired electron. In HF, both the hydrogen and fluorine atoms share these electrons in a covalent bond. Sources Cooper, David L.; Gerratt, Joseph; Raimondi, Mario (1986). The electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 323 (6090): 699. doi:10.1038/323699a0Messmer, Richard P.; Schultz, Peter A. (1987). The electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 329 (6139): 492. doi:10.1038/329492a0Murrell, J.N.; Kettle, S.F.A.; Tedder, J.M. (1985). The Chemical Bond (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0-471-90759-6.Pauling, Linus (1987). Electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 325 (6103): 396. doi:10.1038/325396d0Shaik, Sason S.; Phillipe C. Hiberty (2008). A Chemists Guide to Valence Bond Theory. New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-470-03735-5.

Progress in Western Civ. essays

Progress in Western Civ. essays It is a common misconception, in our modern day society, that more money, intelligence, power and fame are signs of success, or progress. This is not a coincidence, but a very old concept dating back to the rise of civilization. The Babylonians believed this notion, as did some other more successful empires such as the Greek and Roman. It is true, that they were able to acquire more money, land, a larger army, etc... It was in there pursuit of the former that they disregarded the essence of human existence, the sanctity of human life. How can any economic, intellectual, or technological advances be seen as progress, when their societies didnt even strive for an equality of peoples? Western civilization has done nothing but brought forth persecution from one group to another. The essence that civilization was founded, equality, only lasted for a short time before domination began to shape our western culture. It could be said that perhaps one of the earliest dominations was that of the male being over the female. This could most clearly be attributed to the new perception of a male God. As it was seen, the early Mesopotamians embodied a female god, and it wasnt a coincident that females were considered equal, if not superior to their counterparts. It was believed that the world was self-sustained like a womb. It would follow that the female spirit was immortal because a female could bleed for seven days a month and still live. It wasnt until the Neolithic era, which brought more hierarchy and male domination. This was largely due to the focus of more male gods. This set the stage for all the western civilizations and religions to follow. It can also be noted that during this time that male gods came into effect, the crimes followed. The constant wars with their burning and sacking of cities, left many Sumerians in deep despair(8). The Israelites were subject to oppressive pe...

Do the Amish Have Dentists Are Their Teeth Often Bad

Do the Amish Have Dentists Are Their Teeth Often Bad SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve ever seen the popular TLC show Breaking Amish, you might be wondering about Amish dental care. What do Amish teeth look like? Do Amish people go to dentists? And is it true that Amish people often get all of their teeth pulled, as Rebecca on Breaking Amish did? We answer all of these questions and more in this article. Do Amish People Go to Dentists? First off, do Amish people ever go to dentists? The answer is yes and no. Although more and more Amish families are opting for modern dental care, many still prefer alternative medicines and treatments. As a result, Amish teeth and what they look like can vary significantly depending on the community and even the individual family. A recently published study on Amish children in the Geauga county of Ohio found that only 33 percent of Amish children had seen a dentist in the past year, and 28 percent had never seen a dentist at all. Some of the main reasons Amish people don't seek out dental care are their religious beliefs, how far away the nearest dental office is, and a lack of health insurance. According to the study, 87 percent of Amish children were uninsured, despite being eligible for Medicaid. As you can see, Amish dental care is a mixed bag. Some Amish people, but not all, visit modern dentists for oral care. But even those who do seek care don't always do so on a regular basis. This leads us to our next question: what do Amish teeth look like? Are Amish Teeth Healthy? Because many Amish people don't or can't seek out modern dental care, dental problems are often an issue in Amish communities- often leading to pulled teeth and, in extreme cases, dentures. In the study mentioned above, Amish children were found to have high levels of untreated tooth decay, mirroring the trends of other rural US communities. Such dental problems are not only due to a lack in dental care but also non-fluoridated drinking water and the tendency to forgo preventive care (Amish communities have higher rates of unvaccinated children as well). Therefore, it's not uncommon for Amish people to visit local Amish dentists to have some or even all of their teeth removed. Extraction is often viewed as a more affordable and convenient solution to dental issues than trying to fix a problematic tooth. As such, many Amish people- even youths- wear dentures. Rebecca from the TLC reality show Breaking Amish is perhaps the most famous case of this. On the show, Rebecca explained how she had all of her teeth removed at the age of 19 and currently wears dentures. Rebecca from "Breaking Amish" showing off her dentures. Conclusion: Amish Dental Care Practices So do Amish people take care of their teeth? As with any group of people, some Amish people have healthy teeth with few problems, whereas others have unhealthy teeth with many problems (or no teeth at all). Though many Amish people fail to see dentists regularly, it's important not to assume that all Amish people wear dentures or suffer from dental issues. In fact, many Amish people nowadays utilize modern dental care, with some even going as far as getting braces!

The importance of literacy development in terms of life success Essay

The importance of literacy development in terms of life success - Essay Example Moreover, the notion of literacy is greatly expanded (informational, technical, financial literacy, etc.) and acquires some status of culture’s attribute. Already this issue is not about the availability of key areas of literacy, the question now should be put on the expansion of the general population literacy to the level of culture (information culture, scientific, technical, social, etc.). Thus, we are going to discuss different kinds of literacy and the importance of its development in terms of life success. First of all, it is necessary to mention that ‘literacy’ from a traditional point of view is a definite degree that is mastered by a person in accordance with grammatical rules of native language. Concerning the characteristics of the population – it is one of the basic indicators of its socio-cultural development. The need for literacy and learn reading, writing and arithmetic related to the occurrence of a pictographic writing system, and has its roots in early society. The transition of society to symbolic and graphical ways to store and transfer socially relevant information is a huge leap in the cultural and social development of mankind. According to Cope and Kalantzis, â€Å"literacy is at the heart of education’s promise† (Cope and Kalantzis, 2000). As a result, literacy has become an essential tool of possession of written culture. The specific content of the concept of literacy has changed historically, expanding with increasing public demands for the development of the individual - from basic skills to read, write, count, etc. to the possession of minimum socially necessary knowledge and skills (functional literacy). In addition Cope and Kalantiz emphasized that â€Å"literacy represents a kind of symbolic capital in two senses: as the preeminent form of symbol manipulation that gets things done in modern times and as a symbolic marker of being educated† (Cope and Kalantiz, 2000). Thinking abou t the historical background of the literacy development’s problem it is known that issues regarding the term ‘literacy’ definition, its statistical characteristics were considered at international meetings on statistics and census programs since the end of XIX century. UNESCO General Conference (10th session, Paris, 1958) recommended all countries in conducting censuses â€Å"to consider literate such persons who can read with comprehension and write a brief statement about their everyday lives† (Brandt, 2001). The semi-literate person in that context was a person who was able only to read. A term of functional literacy was proposed at the World Congress of Ministers of Education on literacy (Tehran, Sept. 1965), and a text of recommendations of the International Standardization of Educational Statistics, proposed by UNESCO, was revised in 1978. Street said that â€Å"Initially, functional literacy was used to refer to the needs of employment and economic development† (Street, 2001). Moreover, â€Å"the concept was then broadened to include the print demands of occupational, civic, community and personal functioning† (Street, 2001). According to a new edition of this document, it is necessary to consider a literate person who can be engaged in all activities in

Understanding Tort Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Understanding Tort Law - Term Paper Example The law defines litter as an item that defaces the environment such as bottles, papers, and other such things. From the given scenario Jamal, Julia, and Juniata are arrested and convicted for littering. Later the three individuals made an appeal basing their argument on the fact that their mistakes were unintentional. Although the offenses were not intentional, the three individuals have a tort to answer before the court. To succeed in the prosecution the judges will apply statutory and law aids in the statutory interpretation to determine the verdict. Statutory interpretation is the process through which judges and magistrate interpret laws and statues in the law before applying them in decision-making. For the court to fulfill its purpose, it needs to interpret or decide the different meaning of the different statues contained in the law. Although the parliament has the responsibility of making laws, the court has the duty of deciding and applying the laws accordingly. In the inter pretation process, UK courts apply some well-known conventions to avoid ambiguities. The court proceedings and operations have great significance on the importance of the different acts passed by the parliament. In the court, preceding the whole act will be read and from its title, the judges can determine the necessary objects. In the first case, Jamal dropped litter from a split shopping bag unintentionally. For the court to arrive at an appropriate decision, it needs to apply rules and other legal aids. The first important rule that the court is most likely to apply is the littering statute. Law against littering is a section of the environmental protection act of 1990 (Harlow, 2005). The law defines littering as an offense that attracts legal punishment. The section defines littering as discarding of litter in unauthorized public places with an exception of places allowed by the law. Jamal, junta, and Julia will be prosecuted under section 87 of the environmental Act if found gu ilty. To determine the verdict the court needs to interpret the act by first defining litter and littering.     

Growing Customer Value of Apple, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Growing Customer Value of Apple, Inc - Essay Example The company is located in the Silicon Valley in the United States that is currently experiencing economic turmoil. The recession has caused some technology companies to close shop and file for bankruptcy. Unemployment in the region has increased due to the economic downturn. Â  On the other hand, the high standards of living among Americans have prompted for an increase in labor wages. The problems of the American economy created threats to the sustainability of some companies. However, Apple saw the recession as an opportunity to pool potential talents for their new business ventures. Â  Laws and regulations related to mobile communications devices in the many jurisdictions in which the Company operates are extensive and subject to change. Such changes, which could include restrictions on production, manufacture, distribution, and use of the device, locking the device to a carrier’s network, or mandating the use of the device on more than one carrier’s network, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results. Mobile communication devices, such as iPhone, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies, as well as by cellular network carriers for use on their networks. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment. (Apple, Inc, 2008) Â  Information technology system failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security could disrupt the company’s operations by causing delays or cancellation of customer, including channel partner.

Separation of Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Separation of Powers - Essay Example As the report declares in the United States, the aspect of separation of powers is clearly stated in the US Constitution. The President, Congress and the Supreme Court are separate and distinct entities. The same is not the case in the United Kingdom, where the Prime Minister is also a Member of Parliament as are all other members of the Cabinet. Similarly, the Lord Chancellor and the Law Lords are members of the Executive and Legislature respectively, while also forming part of the Judiciary. This duality results in a situation where the Executive is in de-facto control of the Legislature, as also enjoying the sympathy of the Judiciary. This dicsussion explores that various Home Secretaries have taken judicial decisions from time to time on grounds of national security, whether during war time or in otherwise tenuous situations like the ongoing global war on terrorism. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 seeks to redress some of these grey areas though there are many who have, â€Å"defended the current system on the grounds that it discourage judges from making law by judicial rather than legislative means†. Inherent in this argument is the underlying fear that the Judiciary will not allow itself to be led by the nose by an Executive, trying to concentrate power in its hands. One of the concepts on the basis of which the principle of separation of powers functions is that of ‘deference’, which characterise the relationship of the Judiciary towards the Executive and Legislature.

A DIFFICULT CHOICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A DIFFICULT CHOICE - Essay Example Chances of avalanches are real! It is not possible for anyone to survive in this condition of blinding blizzard, in the tent for 10-15 days at a stretch. Even the return journey is going to be perilous! We venture to give this advice to you from our fifteen years’ experience with the moods of the Himalayas. The weather may worsen further or everything may be perfect by tomorrow. That is the unpredictability about the Himalayas.† At our insistence they agreed to stay in this camp for another two days. If the weather is fine by tomorrow, we shall make a trial ascent in the morning and return to the camp by evening. That will give us confidence for the final assault and to acclimatize our bodies to high altitude conditions. My dear friend, you know the challenge of Mount Everest has been my daring dream. My birth at Colorado has something to do with it. But let me tell you, mountaineering at Colorado, are kindergarten stuff as compared to the challenge of the Himalayas. From a distance, Everest looks a graceful and gentle mountain. In the climber’s life its conquest is the ultimate achievement. I came here in pursuit of that ambition, and my girl-friend Sandia, had reservations about the timings of my adventure. â€Å"Attempt it two-three years after our marriage,† she often pleaded. â€Å"No, you will marry the Everest hero, not an ordinary mountaineer,† I retorted. Right now we are in a brutally exposing situation. In all probability, we are up to a do or die situation. In any case, we two will not give up without making a final attempt on the summit, when the blizzard stops and the weather turns favorable. Frankly, I have no moral courage to address this letter to Sandia directl y. She is tender-hearted and would be unable to bear the shock of my being stuck up in the snowy heights of the Himalayas. When you get this letter, meet her, do pep talks to bolster up her spirits and then show her the letter. With

Separation of Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Separation of Powers - Essay Example As the report declares in the United States, the aspect of separation of powers is clearly stated in the US Constitution. The President, Congress and the Supreme Court are separate and distinct entities. The same is not the case in the United Kingdom, where the Prime Minister is also a Member of Parliament as are all other members of the Cabinet. Similarly, the Lord Chancellor and the Law Lords are members of the Executive and Legislature respectively, while also forming part of the Judiciary. This duality results in a situation where the Executive is in de-facto control of the Legislature, as also enjoying the sympathy of the Judiciary. This dicsussion explores that various Home Secretaries have taken judicial decisions from time to time on grounds of national security, whether during war time or in otherwise tenuous situations like the ongoing global war on terrorism. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 seeks to redress some of these grey areas though there are many who have, â€Å"defended the current system on the grounds that it discourage judges from making law by judicial rather than legislative means†. Inherent in this argument is the underlying fear that the Judiciary will not allow itself to be led by the nose by an Executive, trying to concentrate power in its hands. One of the concepts on the basis of which the principle of separation of powers functions is that of ‘deference’, which characterise the relationship of the Judiciary towards the Executive and Legislature.

Week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 9 - Essay Example This is very critical to the audit process. It has been combined with foundational concepts. However, I think that ethics it should be the only matter dealt with in this chapter. Since independence falls under this heading it should also be included. The importance of independence has been stressed in a number of instances and the lack of it has been blamed for a number of events. In relation to independence an auditor should never be required to give an opinion on his own work. If the same auditors are engaged in setting up internal controls inclusive of information controls they may be pressured by their colleagues against reporting on the discovery of major weakness. The auditor engaged in giving an opinion on how management has carried out their responsibilities and giving an opinion should not be engaged in any other activity with the entity. Therefore the standards need to go further in not allowing any other work whatsoever as it certainly will affect independence. This matter should be ted into threats and safeguards. The best safeguard is to quit. There will therefore be no consideration of some of the other matters which relating to the provision of non-audit services. In relation to quality control issues the additional requirement to include systems that address additional areas is a step in the right direction as all areas of an organization should be monitored as they affect the financial and other aspects and are therefore interrelated. If there is no proper leadership then the system of control will break down since management will be ineffective. In terms of the elimination of requirements already included in AICPA this will leave room for additional requirements to be added later. The additional guidance is important as it addresses the need for technical assistance. However, it might have been beneficial for those who prefer to find as much as possible in one place if the rules were not

The Evolution of Morality Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Morality Essay De Waal, author of Good Natured, is one of the most foremost proponents of debate over the evolution of morality. He is a famous primatologist and ethologist who bases his opinions partially on Darwinism and partially on his own personal viewing of primates. According to De Waal, morality comes from two separate sources. De Waal’s theory of morality rests upon the observations of primate behaviors of empathy and sympathy, the selection of kin, reciprocal altruism with regards to fairness, and the simple ability to get along, in conjunction with the idea that one part of our human morality is biological and one part is a result of cultural development. If the idea of a moral code were to be described using only one source, the theory would fail almost immediately. In the human sector, de Waal suggests that our cultural norm is a result of the collaboration of two separate things. The first would be our biological makeup. He claims that all humans are born with some sort of moral ideas. These are, in some cases, fueled by the simple needs and desires that simply come with the territory of being an infant, adolescent, or adult. However, the simple existence of an awareness of what is right and what is wrong is in no way weighty enough to incur a full-fledged code of morals. In order for it to be a sense that is strong enough to sway human behavior it needs to be manipulated by another set of values. This is where cultural decision begins to play a part. Much of the human’s idea of a moral code is embedded in what society believes to be correct behavior. This can encompass many things whether it be how a community should function, how other humans would like to be treated, or the innate desire for friendship. The key point that de Waal is striving to make is that our human morality is consistently evolving with the times. Fairness, normality, and obligation are cultural ideas formed simply by the majority’s expectations. De Waal’s theory rests upon the fusion of these two human traits. However, his ideas also draw from proof of his own scientific observations in the field of primates. However, human morality is not a concept that can be grasped simply by what has occurred to actual human beings over the course of history. In order to fully understand it, one must take into consideration the fact that there may be other entities that practice or abide by the same moral code. De Waal is famous for stating that â€Å"By limiting the concept of morality to the form that is able to be practiced by human beings, we are limiting our understanding of what made us moral in the first place† (4). The â€Å"building blocks of morality† encompass many different characteristics that even primates demonstrate. The ones that are most obviously identifiable in animal behavior are empathy, the selection of kin, reciprocal altruism, demonstrations of fairness, and even their need to resolve conflict. These are all human traits that can undoubtedly be recognized outside of the human spectrum at an undeniable level. This is where de Waal’s theory comes in. His evolution of morality stands on the idea of primates also exemplifying human characteristics. The first and most obvious things that primates show are empathy and sympathy. Some would argue that all animals contain this trait because of the need to nurture and care for young. They are shown through multiple things whether it be emotional attachment, giving simple help to a fellow monkey, or caring for children. De Waal gives a specific example of this when he tells of Yeroen. This primate has just lost a pertinent fight over who will take leadership in his community. Instead of being left to fend for himself emotionally, another young chimpanzee runs over to console him. De Waal also offers multiple flashbacks of monkeys protectively positioning themselves with and around those who are wounded or are their family. Many of these things are human tendencies and de Waal wastes no time in using them to support his ideas of the evolution of morality. Familial bonds are also something that is, surprisingly, not unique to human nature. The selection of kin is also seen in primate life. Maternal instincts are strong, and a father is often seen as the head 1 / 2 of his family. De Waal writes: â€Å"Attached with an emotional umbilical cord to her offspring, the primate mother is never free† (122). The community also institutes multiple ideas of rank and order within their tribes as well. The story of Socko stealing alpha male Jimoh’s choice female and suffering wrath for it is a prime example. Reciprocal altruism can arguably be the most obvious way in which primates demonstrate a code of morality. This is simply the idea of a Golden Rule. Often times, cultural expectations are tied to what one person (or in this case primate) will do with the expectation that they will ultimately receive the same treatment. Many societies base their entire code of ethics around this simple truth, so it is impossible that chimpanzees do this without knowing. Fairness is another trait that de Waal rests his theory upon when it comes to what he has observed in the world of primates. He claims that as a community they share food, take revenge, and even executively hand out justice. There are ranks and rules that need to be followed. This goes hand-in-hand with the final building block which is the ability to resolve conflict. Within a communal setting, this is an inevitable side affect. De Waal writes: â€Å"Golden monkeys do it with mutual hand-holding, chimpanzees with a kiss on the mouth, bonobos with sex, and tonkeana macaques with clasping and lipsmacking. Each species follows its own peacemaking protocol† (176). De Waal concludes his book Good Natured with his statements over moral code as a whole. Ultimately, he lends notability to the idea that humans came up with a case for morality partially because of biological makeup and partially because of cultural compromise and normality. However, his theory is different in his insistence that primates demonstrate the building blocks of a code of morality in their portrayal of empathy and sympathy, their selection of kin, reciprocal altruism, and the ability to get along in regards to fairness and resolving conflict. The fusion of these three things is what de Waal rests his case upon, with much credibility. References De Waal, Frans. Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1996. Print. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Effect Of Work Stress In Maruti Suzuki Commerce Essay

Effect Of Work Stress In Maruti Suzuki Commerce Essay Introduction to Maruti Suzuki Ltd. Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. is a leading manufacturer automobile company in India. It was established in December 1983 with the mission to motorise India. Maruti was Collaboration Company between Suzuki Motors Corporation, Japan and Government of India. Maruti is one of the largest compact car manufacturing companies in the world so till 2012. In terms of production, Maruti is the largest subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation and the company has produced over 15 million vehicles since the roll out of its first vehicle on 14th December, 1983. In the employment sector, Maruti has more than 75000 employees and its manufacturing facilities are located at two locations in India in Gurgaon and Manesae, both south of New Delhi. Maruti Suzuki is the only Indian company to cross the 10 million sales mark since its origin. In 2011-12, the company sold over 1.13 million vehicles including 1, 27,379 units of exports.(Marutisuzuki 2012) Marutis Philosophy   Marutis uses its Green Philosophy in the stems of Three Rs: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse policy in its plants, so that there is a minimal stress on natural resources. The company has launched a number of initiatives under its Three Rs umbrella to make the plants more efficient in terms of resource usage. It is also certified with ISO 14001:1996 for its Environment Management System programme and uses the principle of Smaller, fewer lighter, shorter and neater for its operations. Problems in Maruti Company: According to workers who are employed at Maruti Suzuki, highly stressful working hours have been a major concern for the stress of the employees who are working in the Maruti Suzuki. According to the workers, the stressful working hours leads the works to prolonged impasse. Excessive of work load and stringent time management is the major cause of the stress for the workers. There are several reasons for the cause of the work stress for the employees. In the several reasons the major seven reasons for the work stress are,(Cherry 2012, Sengupta 2012) 7 Reason for Work Stress Differences in salary pay No allowance Job insecurity Lack of promotion prospects Under-promotion or over-promotion Unclear or unfair performance evaluation systems Being over-skilled or under-skilled for the job Differences in Salary Pay The first reason for the work stress for the employees is mainly due to the difference in the salary pay. Mostly about 70% of the employees are contract based employees and they paid very less salary when compared to the other workers who are working in the same grade as conformed workers. No allowance Since most of the employees are contract based employees the company has not provide them with any allowance. Hence they didnt get any allowance from the government as well from the company. Job insecurity As contract based employment there is no security for the employees for their job. They can be fired at any moment. This is also a reason for the employees for their stress. Lack of promotion prospects As a contract based employee, there is no promotion prospects for them. Employees need to do the work what the work is assigned for them. This is also a reason for the employees for their stress. Under-promotion or over-promotion Since there is no proper evaluation system or performance appraisal system for the promotion, Employees are promoted in a basis of their influence to the managers. This leads to other workers for the stress in their working. Unclear or unfair performance evaluation systems As said before there is no proper evaluation system for the performance. And this leads to unclear promotion to the employees. So it leads to stress for the workers. Being over-skilled or under-skilled for the job As most of the employees are contract based employees, and hence the position what they are working being an irrelevant position. For example an employee who Mechanical Engineering and working in the finance department. So most of the employees are being like under skilled or over skilled for the jobs, so this also leads to stress for the employees in their working.(Sengupta 2012) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in his paper A Theory of Human Motivation in the year 1943. Maslow mainly used the terms like Physiological needs, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem and Self Actualization needs to describe his human motivation theory. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg/450px-Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg.png Hierarchy Maslows hierarchy of needs can be explained with the help of a pyramid. The most fundamental level of needs is specified at the bottom and at the top needs for self-actualization. Maslow explains the pyramid with four layers and he called them as Deficiency needs or D-Needs. The four layers are Esteem, Friendship and love, Security and Physical needs. He also explains that the most fundamental needs may not be the physical needs. Maslow also use the term Meta motivation in order to motivate the people. He also explains that human mind have the ability for parallel processing and thus by motivating the people also they can achieve their hierarchal needs. Thus Maslow acknowledged the likelihood that the different levels of motivation could occur at any time in the human mind, but he focused on identifying the basic types of motivation and the order in which they should be met.(Cherry 2012) Physiological needs Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival. If any of these requirements ate not obtained then the human mind wont function properly and this leads to ultimate failure. Therefore food, shelter, love and respect are some of the basic physiological needs that a human normally expects to be with him.(Cherry 2012) Safety needs The safety needs in the sense job security, secure environment, procedures for protecting the individual from unilateral authority, savings accounts, insurance policies, reasonable disability accommodations, etc..(Cherry 2012) Safety and Security needs include: Personal security Financial security Health and well-being Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts Love and belonging After physiological and safety needs the next basic need for a human is the love and belongings. This need is especially strong in childhood and this can be obtained by friendship, family and others love towards him. Maslow explains that humans need to feel a sense of belonging that they are accepted in their social group. For example small social group like family in which they are being accepted and they are recognised in the group.(Cherry 2012) Esteem All humans have a need have a feel that they need to be recognised in the society and they need to have their own respect. The fame or glory will not help anyone to get their respect they need to have their own self-esteem in order to be respected. Maslow states that while he originally thought the needs of humans had strict guidelines, the hierarchies are interrelated rather than sharply separated. This means that esteem and the subsequent levels are not strictly separated; instead, the levels are closely related.(Cherry 2012) Self-actualization What a man can be, he must be. This quotation explains the need for self-actualization. Maslow explains that everyone should have their own self-actualization in order to become the most that one can be. For example women may think that she needs to be the best mother for her children than any other mother. In understand this level of need, the person must needs to achieve the previous needs and also should be master in them.(Cherry 2012) Self-transcendence Self-transcendence refers to when a person seeks to further the boundaries of their ideal self, to experience an intimacy beyond ones self. Cloninger later incorporated self-transcendence as a spiritual dimension of personality in the Temperament and Character Inventory.(Cherry 2012) F. W. Taylors Scientific Management Theory F. W. Taylor was an American mechanical engineer completed his degree in Mechanical Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883. He is well known as the father of scientific management. Taylors Contribution to Scientific Management F.W. Taylor has written the famous book called Principles of Scientific Management in which he mainly imposes three principles, they are First: To explain through simple illustration. Second: To convince the reader through systematic management, rather than explaining some unusual contents. Third: To prove that the management skills are true science. And also he explains that the fundamental principles of scientific management which can be applied for all human activities. For example a simple co-operation between the individuals in the company can raise the production value of the business. And also he convince the readers be simple illustration by correctly applying all his principles.(Taylor 1911) Taylor has defined scientific management as follows: Scientific management is concerned with knowing exactly what you want men to do and then see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way.(Taylor 1911) Principles of Scientific Management The principles of Scientific Management are: 1. Replacing rule of thumb with science. 2. Obtaining harmony in group action rather than discord. 3. Co-operation rather than chaotic individualism. 4. Increase in production and productivity instead of restricted production. 5. Development of workers by providing training. Result of Work Stress As a result of the work stress two major problems occurred in the Maruti. Low Production No Co-operation between the employer and employee Low Production Due to work stress for the employees, their hundred percent inputs for the work were not able to obtain and as a result it leads to less production. Most of the assembly line workers had much stressful work continuously and they are not paid for their work they intently produced less production. As these are the reasons for the less production. No Co-operation between the employer and employee Due to the improper management there was no proper co-operation between the employers and the employees. As the company has not followed any hierarchy structure and most of the employees are contract based employees there was no proper relationship between the employer and the employees. This is also a reason for less production. There two are the major cause as a result of the work stress for the employees in the Maruti Suzuki. Basic Need of the Workers By studying the two major theories, Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management we can suggest some solutions for the problems of the employees in the Maruti Suzuki. According to the two theories basic needs for the employees are (Taylor 1911, Cherry 2012) Permanent Job Proper Work Timing Promotion Transport Facilities Permanent job As about 70% of the employees in the Maruti Suzuki are contract based employees and they dont have the job security is also one of the reasons for the work stress for the employees. And the work stress leads to less production for the company. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs when we provide the employees with the basic needs of what they need they fell secure for working for the company. They get motivated automatically and they fell much secure and automatically reduce the work stress. As a result of less work stress, the employees may give their much effort for the production and hence the production can be increased considerably. Proper Work time Since most of the employees are contract based employees and hence they dont have the proper work timing schedule. And so it leads them to work for more hours. This is also a reason for the work stress for the employees. According to the Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management providing the employees with their basic needs and make them esteem will increase the confidence level for the employees. As a result of the providing proper work time their stress for the working hours will reduce and hence the production can be increased considerably. Promotion As most of the employees in the company are contract based employees and they dont have the promotion prospective. Since working continuously, without any promotion, or incentive makes many employees to feel stress about their work. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management if we make the employees to feel much secure about the work what they do and provide the employees with the hierarchy for the promotion will make them to feel much secure and their work stress will be reduced considerably. And hence the production will be increased automatically. Transport Facilities Since most of the large scale sector industries are located at remote locations, transport facilities to the company being a very complex issues for many employees in the company. According to Maslows theory, proving the employees with their need many reduce the stress for the employee and as a result the production can be increased considerably. So providing transport facilities from the employees from the company to the city center during the shift end and the beginning may reduce the complexity for the transportation to the employees. Implementation By studying the theories of Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management and the problems of the Maruti Suzuki, we can implement some solutions for the problems of the Maruti Suzuki based on the two theories.(Taylor. 2007, Taylor 1911, Cherry 2012) Implement Hierarchy structure for promotion and work allocation. As there was no proper management structure for the company for the promotion and other perspectives if we implement the Maslows hierarchy structure for the employment as the low level workers being in the bottom followed by the supervisors and managers and in the top level there being the management. By implementing Maslows hierarchy structure, the work load can be allocated and hence each worker will equal amount of works. Implement Proper Work Timing with three different shifts. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs providing the employees with their basic physiological needs the workers will fell much secure to work in the company. According to the theory implementing proper work timing with three different shifts which may reduce the workers to work for ling hours and hence their basic physiological needs get satisfied and the employees feel much secure in working for the company. Provide bus services in line with shift timings According to Maslows theory, providing the employees with their physiological needs may reduce the stress of the employees, According to which providing bus services to the employees in line with shift timing may reduce the stress in transportation to the employees. As most of the large scale industries are located in remote locations, so transportation being one of the major stressful tasks for the employees to make in time for the companies. By providing bus services may reduce their stress in transportation. Create a labor welfare committee to promote good relations between the management and the workers According to F. W. Taylors Scientific Management providing proper training to the employer and employees can create a three sixty degree relationship between them. According to Taylors theory creating a labour welfare committee provide a good relationship between the management and workers. Conclusion After studying the problems of the Maruti Suzuki and the theories of Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management the problems of the Maruti Suzuki have been solved by implementing the solutions to the problem from the theories of Maslows hierarchy of needs and F. W. Taylors Scientific Management. The major problem of the employees being the work stress have been solved by the Maslows hierarchal theory and the major problem for the management being the less production which have been solved by implementing F. W. Taylors Scientific Management theory.

The Founder of Pop Art: Andy Warhol :: essays research papers fc

The Founder of Pop Art: Andy Warhol Andy Warhol is the god father of Pop Art. His window advertisements were the beginning of an era where art would be seen in an array of forms away from the traditional paintings and sculptures of the old world. His love of bright colors and bold patters along with his quirky personality paved the way for his successful career as a major figure in the pop art movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Warhol was born in 1930, in the town of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. His parents were Czech immigrants. After his father died, Andy was forced to support his family through odd jobs. He worked his way through Carnegie Tech., Pittsburgh where he studied commercial art. After graduation, Warhol moved to New York where he launched a successful career as an illustrator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He began producing â€Å"Pop† pictures in 1960 with works based on Popeye, Nancy and Dick Tracy comics. These early works were first shown as back drops for department store windows and were painted in loosely brushed style based on Abstract Expressionism. Warhol’s first works using comic material tended to soften hard professional gestures and aggressive vocabulary of the texts and images. Warhol countered the scrupulous accuracy of the original genre with imprecision and deliberate error. In doing so, he soiled the comic strips narrow-minded ideological and decorative purity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andy Warhol’s next series, depicting the mass-produced goods of Compels Soup cans and Coke bottles, captured the clean-edged look of commercially manufactured objects and made him famous. He also turned his art into mass produced objects. At the time many critics were up in arms over the banal subject matter. Abstract Expressionists were also angry at losing their place in the art market to a young upstart commercial artist. Campbell’s soup had a special significance to Warhol because it was his favorite meal as a child; his mother fed it to him at every lunchtime. Suddenly a bland object became art. Warhol’s images summed up the spirit of his society and times- from Marilyn Monroe to Chairman Zedong. The silk- screened image became a format Warhol used for many years. He became well known in the early sixties for his many ‘Marilyn’ silk-screens, of Marilyn Monroe, and for is used of the Campbell’s soup cans. His silk scree ned works would often use repeated imagery to render the subjects simply another artistic element. This celebrity silk screens and soup cans, simple as they may seem became the back bone of the pop art world, and are recognized more than any others as a Warhol work.

Native American Culture Essay

The Native American culture is diverse in different aspects such as music, dances, performances and even arts. They have a variety of musical instruments and dancing styles. Each dance is performed during different occasions or activities. The Native Americans had different attires which were worn during different ceremonies such as religious functions, rituals and community gatherings (Leco Para 9). An example of the native ceremonies is the powwow. This is a gathering which is mainly composed of different Indian tribes. It involves different activities such as dancing competitions, narrating stories and other contests. These are activities which usually take place over the weekend in different areas and everyone is invited to attend this function (Leco Para 10). There are different types of dances such as jingle dance, war dances and other communal dances. The jingle dance is mostly a contest for women and the dancing attire is decorated with metallic material. Other dances include scarf dance which is performed in a bird like manner. The dress for this type of dance is painted and surrounded with beads (Leco Para15). There are different war dances which are mainly performed by the men. These include fancy dance and grass dance. The attires are decorated in different colors of beads, furs and feathers. The other kind of dance is the Kiowa gourd dance which is performed basically for the purpose of remembering great elders and warriors from different tribes. The Kiowa dance is for everyone including the spectators. This kind of dance brings people together and it serves to enhance peace and unity. Most of the Native American music involves dancing, chanting and different styles of dancing (Leco, Para 18). Native American Flute The Native American flute was a wooden type of flute. It has a whistle like mouth piece and was an important instrument in most occasions and ceremonies. The way it was curved is very different compared to the flutes found in Asia, Europe and Africa. The different types of flutes were made from different materials such as cedar, sweet grass and river cane. These flutes include black arrow flutes and Turtle Island flutes. The flutes were carried in bags made from deer skin (Native Languages of the Americans, Para 7). Flute bag Source: Native Languages of the Americans website Native American Drums The Native Americans had different types of drums such as Hoops drums, Shamanic drums, Foot drums, Powwow drums, Tom Tom drums and water drums. The hoop drums were used in different kinds of rituals and other ceremonies. They vary in diameter and are held in the hands. They produce different kinds of tunes depending on the diameters. Those that are big produce a deep voice compared to the smaller ones. These drums are normally made up of different kinds of materials such as skin and hides. They are painted in patterns using different colors (Godbole, Para 3). Shamanic drums are mostly used as tools used to connect with spirits. This practice is known as shamanism and it is a certain kind of ritual. There are different tribes that practiced shamanism such as Lakota tribe which is found in the North America. It helps in connecting these people to a completely different world when they are in a good state of mind. These drums are used during a number of performances and rituals (Godbole, Para 4). Shamanic drum Source: Native Languages of the Americans website The powwow drum is a special kind of drum used for a specific type of ritual known as the powwow. The powwow is a well known event among the Native Americans. This event involves a group of people who are involved in drumming. It is a drum which is bigger in size and requires a group of people to play it (usually 8 men) (Godbole Para 5). Powwow Drum Source: Native Languages of the Americans website The foot drum was used by tribes such as Hopi, Aztec, Miwok and Maidu. It’s a unique type of drum among the Native Americans in that it is played using the foot. They were made from hollow logs of wood which were struck using poles and this was followed by resonance from these drums. The Tom Tom drums were small drums which were easily held by the hands. They are longer and narrower in design. Contrary to other types of drums, the hands are used to play the Tom Tom drums (Godbole Para 6). On the other hand, water drums are made of wood and filled with water. The water drums occur in two different types namely; Iroqusi and Yaqui. There are other types of drums such as Tarahumara, apache drums and Lakota. These are, however, less popular than those mentioned above. Every music in the Native American culture had to be accompanied with a drum. This is due to the fact that the people believed that this was the only way to reach the spirits hence the only way to communicate with the gods (Godbole, Para 7). Water drum Source: Native Languages of the Americans website Tribes and Traditions The Native Americans consisted of different tribes each with unique types of traditions and cultures. Some of these tribes include Sarasi, Ute, Kiowa, Hidutsa among others. Each tribe had its own form of rituals and activities. They were involved in several ceremonies most of which were religious gatherings and rituals. An example of such ceremonies is the Sun dance which was attended by large groups of people. Sacrifices were made during this ceremony to ensure that peace prevails in the community. This ceremony was carried out by a priest who was well known in the community. The Native Americans had different kinds of traditions such as healing traditions (Desy Para. 4). Most of the modern forms of healing have their roots in the Native American culture. Every tribe had its own elder who was a healer. In addition to being herbalists, these elders were also designated the duty of connecting the people with the spirits. The tribes believed in dreams which were translated so as to know the meaning. The people had a unique way of ending quarrels by using the â€Å"Talking Sticks† These were passed from one person to the next during meetings. It was a way of showing respect to others. Other traditions include cleansing rituals and the use of animals as guides. The latter implies that when an animal was seen either in real life or in a dream, it was believed that they were a form of guides from the gods (Desy Para. 6). Works Cited Desy, Phylameana L. Native American Healing Traditions, Tools and Healing Practices, 2010. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from: http://healing. about. com/od/tools/a/nativetools. htm Godbole, Medha. Native American Drum Music, 2010. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/native-american-drum-music. html Leco, Mike. Native American Indian Culture, 2010. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from: http://www. usatourist. com/english/inside/indians2. html Native Languages of the Americans. Native America Indian Flutes, 2007. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from: http://www. native-languages. org/flutes. htm

Marijuana vs. Alcohol in the United States

Marijuana vs. Alcohol In The United States Marijuana and alcohol are the two most threatening drugs used in America today. Marijuana is the most illicit drug while alcohol is the most abused. Both were illegal during the prohibition but when the constitution was ratified in 1933 alcohol was made legal while marijuana remained illegal. It does not mean that because alcohol is still legal it’s less dangerous than marijuana. Both drugs lead to serious risks and should be taken with caution if used.Marijuana is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems and flowers from a hemp plant better know as Cannabis sativa. Uses of marijuana can be recreational or medical and the earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC. (Rudgley,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Lost Civilizations†) Tetrahydrocannabinol also known as THC is the chemical responsible for marijuana’s psychological effects. THC stimulates cells in the brain to release dopamine and causes euphoria like feeling. While th e most popular use is for recreational purposes, it is proven that it can help in the medical field also.Even medical marijuana is illegal in most states. Supporters of medical marijuana argue that it can be safe and effective against AIDS, cancer, multiple sclerosis, pain, glaucoma and other conditions. Nonetheless, abusing marijuana can lead to problem with learning, memory and social behavior. It can also interfere with family, work and other activities. But there are many in favor for cannabis like Bob Marley a famous musician and known for his use of marijuana describes in an interview â€Å"Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction†.Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. Alcohol affects every organ in the body. Individual reactions to alcohol vary and are influenced by many factors such as age, gender, physical condition, how quickly the alcohol was consumed, et c. Alcohol starts to affect the brain within five minutes of being consumed. Drinking alcohol leads to loss of coordination, poor judgment, memory lapses and even blackouts. Alcohol is a drug; so mixing it with any other drug can be extremely dangerous.Drinking excessively over a period of time can cause problems with relationships, money or the law. It can also cause severe health problems and even death. From 2001 to 2005 the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports on average more than 79,000 deaths per year was caused by excessive alcohol use. (CDC, â€Å"Vital Signs†) Excessive drinking includes binge drinking, heavy drinking and any drinking by pregnant women or minors. On the other hand, the CDC does not have a category for deaths caused by the use of marijuana.Statistically, death directly from marijuana overdose is extremely rare. However, according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting data, there were a total of 1. 5 million drug arrests nationwide in 2011 and out of those arrests around 750,000 were for marijuana alone. (FBI, â€Å"Person’s Arrested†) While both alcohol and marijuana should not be taken with any other drug and getting behind the wheel while drunk or high poses significant risk to everyone. Alcohol is still vastly greater in number when it comes to death than marijuana but then again one is legal while the other one is not.The legalization of marijuana has been an argument for over 70 years. Even though voters helped to legalize the drug in Colorado and Washington, it’s still legal for the rest of the United States. There are many pros and cons for marijuana legalization. For example, it could increase the number of children using the drug if it was legal. Whereas if the drug were to be decriminalized there would be a large reduction of the prison population while saving government costs. Our economy could benefit through taxing marijuana.In 2010, CNBC reported that legalizatio n could make it a $100 billion industry in America depending on how the government would tax on the sale and the distribution of the plant. (Nelson, â€Å"How Big Is the Marijuana Market? â€Å") The possibilities are fascinating but what if alcohol was made illegal. If alcohol were criminalized then hundreds of thousands of people who worked in the business would be out of jobs. Bootlegging and organized crimes would be on the rise. It would surely change the drinking habits of our country and would greatly decrease the number of drinking problems today.Although marijuana is less harmful than other legal drugs, has various medical benefits and legalizing it would bring economic benefits. While alcohol causes numerous deaths a year but if outlawed could lead to more harm than good. Both are very different from each other and possess the potential for unique risks or benefits. In any case, they both should not be taken with any other drug and getting behind the wheel while drunk or high poses significant risk to everyone. Marijuana and alcohol will continue to be the most used and abused drugs in America. Nevertheless they should always be dealt with caution and never be taken for granted.

Ethnic Literature Essay

The term â€Å"ethnic† when in conjunction with the word â€Å"literature† in the academic discourse community of students, often brings out mixed feelings of excitement and dread. On the one hand, students understand that they will be getting away from the canonical American literature – which can equal boring in their eyes; on the other hand, students interpret the term â€Å"ethnic literature† to mean distinctive – which can equal confusing or ambiguous – and perhaps at times not relatable because it is outside their scope of experiences. Perhaps before jumping into why it matters, the term â€Å"ethnic literature† should be defined first and because I am still learning how to interpret this term myself, I searched for a suitable one I could agree with. I found one in an article entitled â€Å"Assessing Teachers’ Knowledge of Multi-Ethnic Literature†, and the article actually used another source themselves to come up with a workable, layman’s definition. Ethnic literature as defined by D. E. Norton (as the article’s source) is, â€Å"Literature about racial or ethnic minority groups that are culturally and socially different from the white Anglo-Saxon majority in the United States, whose largely middle-class values and customs are most represented in American literature† (qtd. in Hager & Thompson 22). I think this definition works well to define what ethnic literature is on a surface level, but the more I dig in, I feel that this idea goes much deeper. I asked myself, who can write about ethnic literature? Can anyone just pick up a pen so to speak and tell a story about a young Japanese boy, or a Hispanic family? Can an African-American writer write about Hispanic or Chinese people and claim it is ethnic literature? And the answer to myself is no. Why? Because unless that African-American has been submersed in the Hispanic or Japanese culture from the time of childhood, how are they going to capture the very essence of being, thinking, and living day-to-day in that culture? And even if that African-American had, they would still most likely have a different perspective from the average Hispanic or Chinese person because of being different themselves (i. e black) and perhaps are treated different by the community at large which corrupts the â€Å"normal† cultural thinking. At this deeper level I am trying to get at, I find John M. Reilly’s article â€Å"Criticism of Ethnic Literature: Seeing the Whole Story† helpful in acquiring this. He states that, â€Å"the assertion of ethnicity in literature can be made only through a procedure by which the writer resolves formal problems†¦ what moves from recognition of identity to creation of a strategy for handling reality still is not literature until the individual author sustains her or his ethnic identity through a sequence of formal choices† (4). I am interpreting this to mean that as a reader of this literature, I should see and feel throughout the story (perhaps subtlety) that in some way, the characters mindset (and perhaps actions) in the story differ from my own specifically because of the culture they have grown up in in, which has shaped that character’s thinking. There are thoughts and feelings – ideas, I don’t understand without further explanation from the author, which is sometimes provided, and sometimes not. An example of this is in Brando Skyhorse’s novel The Madonnas of Echo Park, I find myself wondering what the significance of the jacaranda trees mentioned in different parts of the book. Looking up what they are, it becomes apparent to me as jacaranda trees are native to Central America – roots back to their homeland. The blossoms from the trees fall and are scattered everywhere. Felicia in chapter 2 states that â€Å"there’s no way getting away from them† (25). Basically meaning, you cannot escape who you are and where you come from. I would not have understood this had I not explored the history of that tree to uncover the significance in the book. Another example is in Seventeen Syllables in the story â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†. The story about a Japanese family is easy to read, but is hard to connect with as I don’t share the same philosophies about a woman’s place in the Japanese culture. A specific instance in the story was when Mrs. Hayashi, Rosie’s mother received her the first place prize for her stellar Haiku. When the man from the newspaper presented her with a package, Mrs. Hayashi, stating she knew it was unorthodox, asked if she might open it because she was very curious. (Yamamoto 17). At this point, I am thinking to myself, â€Å"I don’t get it – why wouldn’t she open it? † but upon reflection, I considered the patriarchal society that is dominant in this culture, and perhaps it is the wife’s obligation to consult or have the husband open the gift, even if it is not specifically for him. Yet another example is in Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz. To come specifically to the point, I do not understand this idea of why it is understood that Dominican men are supposed to be these â€Å"manly men† that women flock to and fall on their knees for. That the sexual appetite along with innate sense of charisma from Dominican men is expected, and when it’s lacking, it doesn’t go unnoticed. â€Å"Anywhere else his triple-zero batting average with the ladies might have passed without comment, but this is a Dominican kid we’re talking about, in a Dominican family: dude was supposed to have Atomic Level G, was supposed to be pulling in the bitches with both hands† (24). Why is this idea so indoctrinated in this culture according to the book? This is perhaps something I will never understand, except that it is a part of their culture. All of these examples are all good and well, but the important question is why is ethnic literature important? What can be gained from reading it? From a most basic viewpoint, it is a highly effective vehicle for helping people understand themselves and the world around them. Thompson and Hager in their article state that, â€Å"multi-ethnic literature mirrors and validates the experiences for minority groups and juxtaposes the familiar with the less familiar for mainstream children† (22). In other words, through reading ethnic literature, readers can find ways to connect with others around them that are different. The article also states that when readers are exposed to divergent thoughts, language patterns, value systems, and different ways of living, that it can open up awareness about others and create compassion and understanding towards them that might not have happened without the literary exposure (23). To sum it all up, I will never argue against the instruction of ethnic literature in the school setting. In fact, I think teaching it should begin right from the beginning in kindergarten, and perhaps one day we won’t need the designated term â€Å"ethnic literature† – perhaps one day it can just be â€Å"American Literature† and part of the regular American canon of literature. Works Cited Diaz, Junot. The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. New York: Penguin, 2007. Print. Reilly, John. M. â€Å"Criticism of Ethnic Literature: Seeing the Whole Story†. Critical Approaches to Ethnic Literature. 5. 1 (1978): 2-13. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. Skyhorse, Brando. The Madonnas of Echo Park. New York: Free Press, 2010. Print. Thompson, Deborah L. and Jane Meeks Hager. â€Å"Assessing Teachers’ Knowledge of Multi-Ethnic Literature†. Yearbook of the American Reading Forum. 1990. 21-29. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. Yamamoto, Hisaye. Seventeen Syllables. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001. Print.

International Business Law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Law 2 - Essay Example Hiring manpower from the Indian outsourcing company is permitted under the Contract Labor Act, 1970 (Majmudar & Co n.d., 4). Considering the strategy of Stone Technical Ltd, it can be assumed that the company can be regarded as a principal employer, because its business is not of an intermittent nature in respect of contracts (Majmudar & Co n.d., 4). If the Stone Technical Ltd will hire 20 or more contract workers, it is required to comply with the provisions of the Contract Labor Act (Majmudar & Co n.d., 4). As well it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that Indian law should govern the outsourcing contract; this measure will enable the client to restrain contractor in case of the breaching an outsourcing contract (Majmudar & Co n.d., 4). So as the Indian employee laws are considered to be relatively restrictive, Stone Technical Ltd need to be concerned about the employment rules relating to holidays, flexible working hours, etc. (Mohapatra n.d.). Privacy and data protection is a matter of concern in India because of the lack of a comprehensive legislation (Chawla 1, 2007). There is neither a specific statute for dealing with this legal issue nor a comprehensive data protection law (Eisenhauer 7, 2005). However, it is possible to derive the protection of privacy and data from different laws concerning the information technology, crimes, intellectual property and contractual relations (Chawla 1, 2007). Even though there is not enough stringent data protection laws in India in order to protect the Indian outsourcing market, there are some provisions in the Act 17 (Sinha 2009). Also the Indian government has enacted a set of electronic commerce regulations, known as the Information Technology Act 2000, which addresses breach of confidentiality provisions, hacking and damage to computer source code (Eisenhauer 7, 2005). For violation of data

Cigarette companies targeting people Research Paper

Cigarette companies targeting people - Research Paper Example Cigarette manufacturers are more interested in safeguarding their business interests rather than the interests of the people or the country. It should be noted that government is getting huge money as taxes given by the cigarette manufacturers and therefore it is impossible for the government to completely ban this activity. Cigarette manufacturers know this fact very well and they are finding new ways to spread smoking. This paper analyses how cigarette companies are targeting their customers. Tobacco company research confirmed the association between tobacco use and alcohol use. Cigarette manufacturers explored promotional strategies linking cigarettes and alcohol, such as jointly sponsoring special events with alcohol companies to lower the cost of sponsorships, increase consumer appeal, reinforce brand identity, and generate increased cigarette sales. They also pursued promotions that tied cigarette sales to alcohol purchases, and cigarette promotional events frequently featured alcohol discounts or encouraged alcohol use. Tobacco companies numerous marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol may have reinforced the use of both substances. Because using tobacco and alcohol together makes it harder to quit smoking (Jiang & Ling, 2011, p.1942). The nexus between liquor manufacturers and cigarette companies is well documented by many studies. It should be noted that many people have the habit of smoking at the time of drinking alcohol. In fact smoking, while drinking, is an essential activity to get the maximum pleasure out of drinking. Tobacco manufacturers know this fact very well and they are offering cigarettes for every purchase of liquor bottles. Thus both liquor manufacturers and cigarette manufacturers are reaping profits. It should be noted that the combined effect of alcohol and cigarette smoke create addiction so that the smokers or the

Analysing Finances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysing Finances - Essay Example Additionally, how the company’s share price has been throughout a year, what the audit report is saying about the company’s financial position and performance, whether it provides a positive healthy financial position or the audit report raises some doubts over some aspects of the company. In addition, an investor must try to gain understanding that how the company has obtained the financial numbers, it would be only possible by knowing its corporate strategies. Many reasons require obtain such information. For investors only relying on the provided annual report would be insufficient to convince them as recently many huge companies despite showing a remarkably healthy financial position become bankrupt and declared their bankruptcy; among them, the debacle of energy giant Enron, declared bankruptcy in late 2001 (Barreveld, 2002, pp.118). Additionally, third party evaluation presents more realistic as there are less chances of conflict of interest. Among them, the credi t rankings issued by different ranking companies may offer some help as the ranking companies do not have, most of the time, any direct link or business dealing with the corporate companies. References Barreveld, D.J. (2002), â€Å"The Enron Collapse: Creative Accounting, Wrong Economics or Criminal Acts† USA: IUniverse.