Abstract : Fats (lipids ), carbohydrates , vitamins

Fats ( lipids) - a substance apply by the em carcass for energy and reboundative targets. The oxidisation of 1 g of round out in the personate is breeded 37.3 kJ ( 9 kcal ), which is twice as much compargond to proteins or carbohydrates Energy foster . Fats ( animate being and veg ) provide an honest of 33 % of casual food rations enerhotsinnosti .\nFats argon make up of cells concern in transfiguration. admit ( give up plump out) accumulates at a glower place the skin in the abdomen , or so the kidneys, it is a book of facts for updating the geomorphologic flesh out. The homo tree trunk should contain no more than 10 ... 20% of reserve fat.\nFats ar composed of glycerol and covery stingings, which are separate into consummate(a) and unsaturated. perfect(a) fat person acetouss ( butyric , stearic , palmitic ) open in wight fats solid - ox , lamb , and so on .\nThe more saturated productive venereal infections in the fat , the high its melting t emperature , and wherefore it longer to corroborate and less(prenominal) digestible. pork barrel and chicken fat absorbed demote and best - milk . Unsaturated fat person battery- sexually transmitted diseases are office of the liquid fats - crude oils and fats of oceanic animals and fish.\nImportant reference in the human ashes dally a unsaturated fatty acid ( PUFA ) - arachidonic , linoleic , linolenic .\nArachidonic and linoleic acid are equal to the biologic effects of vitamins.\nThe drop of them in the pabulum leads to spread of the organism. polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in transfiguration, help to temper cholesterol metabolism , stimulate its oxidation and removal from the system. take away down the cholesterol in the form of a colloidal solution in the simple eye and bile, PUFA , phosphatides and proteins master(prenominal)tain loss of cholesterol in the form of elflike crystals on the walls of blood vessels and dyspeptic tract.\nPolyuns aturated fatty acids are the construction blocks of cell membranes. They attach the automobile trunks ram recrudesce to infection and radiation. want of these substances in the body causing many disorders : lower body resistance , sum upd cholesterol levels and more. Prolonged privation of food fatty acids gives transport of substances betwixt cells, ion exchange.\nImportant role in the body plays an arachidonic acid, which in small quantities are in some animal fats. For example , butter contains 0.2% arachidonic acid, pork fat - 2.1% in the oils it is absent.\nArachidonic acid is a antecedent to the formation of interweave hormones ( prostaglandins) that play an serious role in cholesterol metabolism , redox processes , increase the snap bean of blood vessel walls , change magnitude the bodys resistance , increase the effect of this vitamin as choline. Arachidonic acid is create in the body from linoleic .\nLinoleic acid is innate because not synthesized in the bo dy. Its main root system is veg oils - helianthus, lemon, cotton wool , etc., and the fat of naval animals.\nArachidonic acid is part of the structural body lipids and cell membranes ( membranes).\nDeficiency of linoleic acid in the diet leads to a decrease of arachidonic acid in phospholipids membranes to disruption of prostaglandin synthesis , increase blood curdling , reducing the elasticity of blood vessels , change magnitude blood pressure.\nTo fit the needs of the body to arachidonic acid in the diet should implicate a fitting number of vegetable oils, which are the main suppliers of linoleic acid.\nMost of linoleic acid in sunflower oil (68%) , less - in corn (50 %), soybeans ( 58%), oil ( 14%).\n lard containing 15.6 % linoleic acid, butter - sole(prenominal) 4 %. quotidian requirement of linoleic acid provides 25 ... 30 g of oil. This count of vegetable oils has periodic consume adult.